The Scottish National Party are preparing for a second term in government in Edinburgh, but this time with an overall majority.
SNP leader Alex Salmond said his party's majority win at Holyrood was "a victory for a society and a nation".
The party is expected to hold a referendum on Scottish independence towards the end of its term.
With all results in, the SNP had 69 seats, Labour 37, the Tories 15, the Lib Dems five, and others three.
During an address in Edinburgh, Mr Salmond said: "I'll govern for all of the ambitions for Scotland and all the people who imagine that we can live in a better land.
"This party, the Scottish party, the national party, carries your hope. We shall carry it carefully and make the nation proud."
The new intake of MSPs will meet for the first time in the Scottish Parliament on Wednesday.
SNP Finance Minister John Swinney said the party would "assert the Scottish position" in Westminster "in a courteous and effective way" but David Cameron "must understand that we go into those discussions with a much stronger mandate than we have done in the past".
"That's why the UK government must pay attention to what the Scottish government is saying," he said.
The SNP took key seats in Labour heartlands and the Liberal Democrat vote also collapsed.
The SNP now has a clear majority of four in the 129-seat Scottish Parliament, enough votes to hold an independence referendum.
The Greens returned two MSPs to Holyrood and independent Margo Macdonald was also back.
Labour leader Iain Gray announced he would stand down from the job in the autumn.
Mr Salmond, whose party formed a minority government after the 2007 elections, described the unfolding Holyrood election results as "historic".
Prime Minister David Cameron also offered his congratulations to the SNP leader for an "emphatic win".
Among its successes, the SNP won all 10 first-past-the-post seats in the North East and still managed to pick up an additional regional list seat after amassing more than 140,000 votes. BBC
-- Este é um tema a que a comunicação social portuguesa está a dar muito pouca atenção; e no entanto dentro de uns três anos haverá referendo para se saber se a Escócia recupera a sua independência.
A causa do nacionalismo escocês e a da unificação da Irlanda são das que mais me têm impressionado, ao longo dos anos.
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